Special Operations.Com
AIR FORCE SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND
(AFSOC)
All USAF special operations are under
the command of AFSOC. AFSOC is an Air Force major
command and constitutes the Air Force component of
the unified USSOCOM. AFSOC is organized into one active
component Special Operations Wing, two active Special
Operations Groups, one active Special Tactics Group,
and two reserve Special Operations Wings. AFSOC forces
are apportioned and assigned by the Joint Chiefs of
Staff (JCS) to USSOCOM and theater Commanders in Chief
(CINC). AFSOC has OPCON of CONUS-based forces while
theater SOCs exercise OPCON of assigned or OCONUS
assets. Only USCINCPAC and USCINCEUR have theater
assigned AFSOC forces.
Air Force SOF consists of uniquely
equipped fixed and rotary wing aircraft operated by
highly trained aircrews whose missions include insertion,
extraction, resupply, aerial fire support, refueling,
combat search and rescue, and PSYOP. Weapons systems
operated by AFSOC include:
· MC-130E
Combat Talon I
· MC-130H
Combat Talon II
· MC-130P
Combat Shadow
· AC-130H
Spectre Gunship
· AC-130U
Spooky II Gunship
· MH-53J
Pave Low III
· MH-60G
Pave Hawk
· EC-130E
Commando Solo
The Special Tactics Group is comprised
of Air Force Combat Control, Pararescue and Combat
Weather personnel capable of providing terminal guidance
for weapons, control of assault zone aircraft, fire
support, medical support, and weather support. They
also operate expeditionary airfields, conduct classified
missions, and support combat rescue missions.
AFSOC Mission
AFSOC is America's specialized air
power. It is a step ahead in a changing world, delivering
special operations combat power anytime, anywhere.
The command is committed to continual improvement
to provide Air Force special operations forces for
worldwide deployment and assignment to regional unified
commands, conducting the full spectrum of Special
Operations principal missions and collateral activities.
16TH SPECIAL OPERATIONS WING (SOW)
The 16
th SOW
is located at Hurlburt Field, Florida and is the oldest
and most seasoned unit in AFSOC.
Mission
The wing's mission is to organize,
train, and equip Air Force special operations forces
for global employment. The 16th SOW focuses on unconventional
warfare, including counterinsurgency and psychological
operations during operations other than war.
Organization
The 16th SOW is the largest Air Force
unit under the Air Force Special Operations Command,
the Air Force component of the US Special Operations
Command. The 16th SOW deploys with specially trained
and equipped forces from each service, working as
a team to support national security objectives. The
16th SOW manages a fleet of more than 90 aircraft
with a military and civilian work force of nearly
7,000 people. It includes the 6th Special Operations
Squadron (SOS), the 4th SOS, the 8th SOS, the 9th
SOS, the 15th SOS, the 16th SOS, the 20th SOS and
the 55th SOS.
· The
6th Special Operations Squadron is the wing's
aviation foreign internal defense (FID) unit.
Its members provide US military expertise to other
governments in support of their internal defense
and development efforts (IDAD).
· The
8th SOS and 15th SOS employ the MC-130E Combat
Talon I and MC-130H Combat Talon II aircraft,
respectively, supporting unconventional warfare
missions and special operations forces. The MC-130
aircrews work closely with Army and Navy Special
Operations Forces. Modifications to the MC-130
allow aircrews to perform clandestine missions
minimizing the chances of being detected by hostile
radar systems. Both units’ primary missions are
day and night, adverse weather, infiltration,
exfiltration, and resupply of special operations
forces in hostile or denied territory. In addition,
the MC-130E Combat Talon I is capable of clandestine
penetration of hostile or denied territory to
provide aerial refueling of special operations
helicopters.
· The
9th SOS, at nearby Eglin AFB, flies the MC-130P
Combat Shadow tanker for worldwide clandestine
aerial refueling of special operations helicopters.
It has the additional capability of infiltration,
exfiltration, and resupply of special operations
forces by airdrop or airland tactics.
· The
4th SOS and 16th SOS fly the AC-130U and AC-130H
Spectre gunships, respectively.
Unique equipment on these modified
C-130s enables crews to provide highly accurate firepower
in support of both conventional and unconventional
forces, day or night. Primary missions include close
air support, armed reconnaissance, and air interdiction.
Other missions include perimeter defense, forward
air control, night search and rescue, surveillance,
and airborne command and control.
· The
20th SOS employs the MH-53J Pave Low III helicopter.
Its specialized mission consists of day or night,
all-weather, low-level penetration of denied territory
to provide infiltration, exfiltration, resupply,
or fire support for elite air, ground, and naval
forces. The unique capabilities of the MH-53J
permit operations from unprepared landing zones.
· The
55th SOS flies the MH-60G Pave Hawk helicopter.
Its mission is to provide a rapidly deployable,
worldwide, multimission and combat rescue capability
for wartime special operations and peacetime contingency
tasking. It is used to infiltrate, resupply, and
exfiltrate US and allied special operations forces
during long-range, low-level penetrations of hostile
or denied territory at night.
352ND SPECIAL OPERATIONS GROUP (SOG)
The 352
nd SOG
at RAF Mildenhall, United Kingdom, is the designated
Air Force component for Special Operations Command
Europe. Its squadrons are the 7 th
SOS, which flies
the MC-130H Combat Talon II; the 21 st
SOS, equipped with
the MH-53J Pave Low III; the 67 th
SOS, with the MC-130P
Combat Shadow; and the 321 st
Special Tactics
Squadron.
Mission
The mission
of the 352 nd
SOG is to act as
the focal point for all US Air Force special operations
activities throughout the European and Central Commands
theaters of operation. The group is prepared to conduct
a variety of high priority, low-visibility missions
supporting US and allied special operations forces
throughout the European theater during peacetime,
joint operations exercises and combat operations.
It develops and implements peacetime and wartime contingency
plans to effectively use fixed wing, helicopter and
personnel assets to conduct infiltration, exfiltration
and resupply of US and allied special operations forces.
AFSOC forces provide precise, reliable and timely
support to special operations worldwide.
Organization
The 352
nd SOG
is the Air Force component for Special Operations
Command Europe, a sub-unified command of the US European
Command. The 352 nd
SOG has three flying
squadrons, a maintenance and tactical communications
squadron and a special tactics squadron. The organizations
are:
· The
7 th
SOS - MC-130H
Combat Talon II. Mission is identical to that
of the 15 th
SOS.
· The
21 st
SOS - MH-53J
Pave Low III helicopter. Mission is identical
to that of the 20 th
SOS.
· The
67 th
SOS - MC-130P.
Mission is identical to that of the 9 th
SOS.
· The
352 nd
Maintenance
Squadron is responsible for maintenance of assigned
fixed wing aircraft and helicopters.
· The
321st Special Tactics Squadron pararescuemen and
combat controllers provide for the establishment
of drop zones, landing zones, air traffic control,
combat medical care and evacuation and combat
search and rescue for fixed and rotary wing assets.
In addition combat controllers trained in SOTAC
conduct terminal guidance of fires delivered by
fixed and rotary wing aircraft. Also, the 321
st
has combat weathermen
assigned to provide weather support for Air Force
and Army special operations.
353RD SPECIAL OPERATIONS GROUP (SOG)
The 353
rd SOG,
with headquarters at Kadena Air Base, Japan, is the
Air Force component for Special Operations Command
Pacific. The 353 rd
SOG is composed
of three flying squadrons and the 320 th
STS. The 320 th
and two of the flying
squadrons are located at Kadena Air Base: the 1st
SOS which flies the MC-130H Combat Talon II, and the
17 th SOS,
which flies the MC-130P Combat Shadow. The third flying
squadron is located at Osan Air Base, Korea; the 31
st SOS
which flies the MH-53J Pave Low III helicopter.
Mission
The group's
mission is to act as the focal point for all US Air
Force special operations activities throughout the
Pacific. The group is prepared to conduct a variety
of high-priority, low-visibility air support missions
for joint and allied special operations forces in
the region. It maintains a worldwide mobility commitment,
participates in theater exercises, and supports humanitarian
assistance and disaster relief operations. The group
develops wartime and contingency plans to effectively
use the full range of helicopter and fixed wing capabilities,
to include infiltration, exfiltration and resupply
of US and allied special operations forces. The primary
peacetime responsibility of the 353 rd
SOG is to oversee
the training and maintenance of its assigned units.
The group ensures the combat readiness of these units
through comprehensive involvement in numerous theater
and joint chiefs of staff-directed military exercises
and training activities throughout the Pacific.
Organization
The 353
rd SOG
comprises the US Air Force's special operations air
arm in the US Pacific Command. The commander is designated
Commander, Air Force Special Operations Command, Pacific,
a sub-unified command to the Special Operations Command,
Pacific. The 353 rd
SOG has three flying
squadrons, a maintenance and tactical communications
squadron and special tactics squadrons. These organizations
are:
· The
1 st
SOS - MC-130H
Combat Talon II, Kadena AB, Japan. Mission is
identical to that of the 15 th
SOS.
· The
17 th
SOS - MC-130P
Combat Shadow, Kadena AB, Japan. Mission is identical
to that of the 9 th
SOS.
· The
31 st
SOS, Osan Air
Base, Korea, MH-53J Pave Low III. Mission is identical
to that of the 20 th
SOS.
· The
320 th
Special Tactics
Squadron pararescuemen and combat controllers
provide for the establishment of drop zones, landing
zones, air traffic control, combat medical care
and evacuation, and combat search and rescue for
fixed and rotary wing assets. In addition combat
controllers trained in SOTAC conduct terminal
guidance of fires delivered by fixed and rotary
wing aircraft. Also, the 320 th
has combat weathermen
assigned to provide weather support for Air Force
and Army special operations.
720TH SPECIAL TACTICS GROUP (STG)
The 720
th STG,
with headquarters at Hurlburt Field, FL, has special
operations combat controllers, pararescuemen, and
combat weathermen who work jointly in Special Tactics
Teams (STT). There are six Special Tactics Squadrons
(STS) and one Combat Weather Squadron. The 320 th
STS at Kadena AB,
Japan and the 320 th
STS at RAF Mildenhall,
England are assigned to and under the operational
control of the 353 rd
and the 352 nd
Special Operations
Groups respectively. The 720 th
also includes the
10 th Combat
Weather Squadron with headquarters at Hurlburt Fld,
FL, and detachments co-located with US Army Special
Operations Command units.
AIR RESERVE and AIR NATIONAL GUARD
COMPONENTS
AFSOC
gains three Air Reserve Component units when the organizations
are mobilized. One is the 919th Special Operations
Wing (AFRES) at Duke Field, FL. The 711 th
SOS flies the MC-
130E Combat Talon I, while the 5 th
SOS flies the MC-130P
Combat Shadow. The second is the 193 rd
Special Operations
Group (ANG) at Harrisburg International Airport, PA.,
which flies the EC-130E Commando Solo. The third component
unit is the 123 rd
Special Tactics
Flight (ANG) at Standiford Field, KY.
The 919th Special Operations Wing
(AFRES)
The 919
th SOW
at Duke Field, Fla., is the only Air Force Reserve
special operations wing. When mobilized, it reports
to Air Force Special Operations Command. The 919 th
SOW trains Air Force
reservists in MC-130E Combat Talon I and MC-130P Combat
Shadow aircraft operations, maintenance and support
functions to accomplish special operations. The 919
th reports
to the Air Force Reserve's Tenth Air Force at Bergstrom
AFB, TX. The 919th SOW has more than 1,400 reservists
and full-time civilian employees assigned. Subordinate
units of the 919 th
are:
· The
711 th
SOS transitioned
from the AC-130A Spectre gunship to the MC-130E
Combat Talon I beginning in September 1995. The
new mission calls on the squadron to perform specialized
day or night low-level delivery of troops or cargo
into denied or hostile areas.
· The
5 th
SOS, which activated
in December 1994, flies the MC-130P Combat Shadow
tanker.
It flies clandestine missions into
sensitive territory to provide air refueling for special
operations aircraft. A secondary wartime mission for
the Combat Shadow includes airdrop of small bundles
and special operations teams.
193rd Special Operations Group (ANG)
The 193
rd SOG,
Pennsylvania Air National Guard, Harrisburg International
Airport, Pa., is the Air Force's sole asset for providing
airborne radio and television broadcast missions.
It is the only ANG unit assigned to Air Force Special
Operations Command. The Guard unit falls under AFSOC
when mobilized for wartime action, humanitarian efforts
or contingencies. The 193 rd
provides an airborne
platform for virtually any contingency, including
state or national disasters or other emergencies,
on a moment's notice, anywhere in the world. The 193
rd Special
Operations Group performs this unique mission with
six specially configured EC-130E Commando Solo aircraft.
A secondary mission assigned to the 193 rd
is providing airlift
for Air Force Intelligence Agency missions with four
modified EC-130Es.
Air Force Special Operations Forces
(AFSOF) Logistics
AFSOF logistics support is focused
on keeping the aircraft flying, just as in the conventional
Air Force. Logistics and maintenance emphasis is placed
on the cycle of launch, recovery, service, rapid repair,
and re-launch. The cycle may be compressed into relatively
short time periods, 12 hours or less. This places
a significant burden on the support infrastructure,
given the level of sophistication of the avionics
and the requirement to operate from austere locations.
The parent wing, group and/or squadron
are responsible for determining equipment, spares,
and personnel requirements. This determination will
be based on the length of the deployment and amount
of logistic support available at the deployed location.
Once deployed, the AFSOC logistics officer will coordinate
and manage logistic support, vehicle requirements,
POL, billeting, messing, and establish connectivity
with the Theater and CONUS logistic support systems.
If time permits prior to deployment,
the wing or group logistic planning cell will develop
a plan to support deployed flying operations and concomitant
logistics objectives. Short term employment will normally
be supported by drawing from readiness spares packages.
Longer term employments will be supported by established
supply lines.
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